How to choose the suitable pharmaceutical drying equipment for API

 How to choose the suitable pharmaceutical drying equipment for API

Water hammer is the phenomenon of hydraulic shock waves caused when fast-moving fluid suddenly stops or reverse flow begins. It is a common and serious problem in industrial piping systems, including SAGD plants.

There are several ways to prevent water hammer from happening, including choosing the right check valve for the job. Non-slam check valves are a great choice for preventing water hammer and other surge events in pipelines.

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Flow Reversal

Water hammer is a type of reverse flow that can occur in pipe systems when the pressure inside the pipe is suddenly lost. It can cause sporadic pipeline vibrations, media contamination and damage to piping and valves.

Reverse flow is most common in industrial piping systems and can be caused by several factors, including valve types and piping orientations. In this case, installing the right check valve in the system is vital for mitigating this problem and preventing it from damaging the flow control device and its components.

Reverse flow velocity will be higher for valves with long lag times and those that move slowly. This slam potential can be minimized by choosing a check valve that closes quickly in the event of flow reversal, such as a PAV or some check valves that close at two speeds.

However, these designs also increase the risk of backflow in some cases. This is especially true when the check valve or PAV does not have a fast closing speed.

Some check valves also have a Double Cone Dryer-closing feature. For example, a check valve that has a spring preload force combined with an air cushion, which forces the disc to open and close at different rates. This enables the disc to close faster in the initial phase, minimizing the possibility of backflow and water hammer, but then slow down and close much slower during the remaining distance.

This design also reduces the valve's loss coefficient in low flow operation. This reduces hydraulic loss and electric energy consumption.

It is important to examine the static characteristics of the check valve when it is operating at different flow rates. Then, use the PIV measurement technique to measure flow field inside the check valve. In this way, the dynamic characteristics of the nozzle check valve, such as the pressure drop and valve disc displacement, can be measured more accurately, which will help to better understand the response relationship between the nozzle check valve and the system.

Pressure Surge

Nozzle check valves provide a high level of backflow protection that is designed to prevent water surge and water hammer. Unlike other check valves, which close when pressure exceeds a certain level, nozzle valves can shut down flow quickly and quietly in low pressure or no-flow periods.

They can be used for many applications, including pumping systems and slurries. They are specifically designed for high flow rates and have been engineered to minimize turbulence, recover head loss, and reduce energy consumption.

The type of fluid and the pressure drop in the line can influence the selection of a nozzle check valve. The installation orientation of the valve is important as it can have an impact on its performance.

It can cause problems if the valve is installed in an opposite direction to the flow path. Typically, an arrow on the housing indicates the direction of flow.

There are many options for nozzle check valves. These include springs and an internal orifice that has been optimized for specific flow conditions. These designs can also reduce valve-flutter and wear, which helps to prolong the life of the valve.

Some nozzle check valves even incorporate a built-in diffuser, which recovers head loss and minimises turbulence while stabilising disc performance. This combination of features ensures that the check valve is reliable in all flow conditions and offers the highest energy efficiency.

This allows them to offer a more reliable, efficient and economical alternative to standard check valves. To increase their effectiveness, nozzle-check valves can be made with multiple spring torques.

Another benefit of a nozzle check valve is that they can be installed without the need for a dashpot, which is necessary with standard valves in gas service. This can reduce maintenance costs and the risk of leaks.

The nozzle check valve also has a fast-acting spring that prevents water hammer and pressure surge, which is important for safety and the overall lifespan of the check valve. It is able to close within fractions of a second, which protects pipework and pumps from high reverse velocities and damaging surge pressures that can occur with traditional check valves.

Valve Closing

When a valve closes, the kinetic energy of flowing liquid is converted to potential energy. This can cause pressure surges that can damage pipeline equipment and piping.

The best way to prevent water hammer is to design a check valve that can effectively close within the pressure surge threshold, preventing the pressure surge from occurring. However, there are many factors that go into this, including the type of valve and the piping system.

One of the most common ways to prevent water hammer is to install a check valve with a non-slam closure design. Non-slam check vales have a spring assisted design which allows them to close faster and at a lower flow rate than standard valves.

A linear closing check valve is another effective way to prevent water damage. These check valves have short closing strokes and a spring that allows them to close quickly before flow reversal occurs.

Other ways to prevent water hammer are to reduce the pipe velocity, design a nozzle check va, and avoid pump elbows or other sources of turbulent. These strategies can help prevent water hammer as well as reduce the time it takes to operate a valve.

Silent check valves and nozzle Static Crystallizer check valves are two of the most popular designs to prevent water hammer. These valves have a linear closing spring loaded design with short closing strokes. This allows them to close in a very short time span before flow reverses, eliminating the possibility for water hammer.

A nozzle check valve that has a short closing stroke with spring assist can close as fast as 3 seconds before flow reverses, which will reduce the risk of pressure surge. A nozzle valve will have a lower nozzle pressure drop which can help reduce the energy transfer to the system.

This design helps to prevent the nozzle from wearing too quickly, which is another concern. This nozzle design is versatile and can be made in many sizes and materials. It is ideal for a wide variety of applications.

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Shock Wave

Water hammer refers to the pressure surge that occurs when a valve closes abruptly or reverse flows. It can cause damage to pipelines, pumps, or other equipment.

Often, it's thought that the valve itself is causing water hammer; however, the reality is much more complex. Water hammer can be caused by a variety of factors, including improperly designed surge protection devices and oversizing nonslam check vas or pump power failures.

Traditional swing check valves use gravity and flow reversal for full closure. The flap on the valve's disc is a moving flapper that sits on a hinge pin. For it to close, it must move back and forth, which requires forward fluid flow to push the flap open and then reverse flow to slam the flap shut. This slam can occur very quickly, and it's also possible for the flap to close while the valve is still reversing flow.

These conditions can induce Nauta Conical Dryer a shock wave that travels through the pipeline, creating a loud banging sound that sounds like a hammer. This can cause equipment to perform poorly and increase the cost of repairs or replacements.

A nozzel check valve with a spring loaded closure system is the best way to prevent water damage. These valves are also known as silent check valves.

Nozzle check valves, which are self-actuated devices, have been modified for demanding applications. They react rapidly to high deceleration rates, ensuring the water flow is blocked swiftly and quietly before it can change direction or cause water hammer.

The efficiency of nozzle check valves is higher than that of conventional swing valves. They have a shorter distance to travel for the closing disc, which means they close before the fluid has a chance to reverse and trigger water hammer.

Nozzle check valves can be used in situations where there is a tendency for the flow to change direction or reverse, such as in pump elbows and other turbulence. They can also prevent pressure spikes from causing pipe damage. Nozzle check valves can also be used in applications where existing check valves have worn internals at the hinges, bushings or seating surface.